Logic Quiz #3 Study Guide

Definitions

Inductive Argument, Strength, Cogency, Additive, the Difference between an Explanation and an Argument

Inductive Generalization, Representativeness, Random Sampling

Argument from Analogy, Relevant Similarity

Causal Argument, Method of Agreement, Method of Difference, Joint Method, Correlation, Being Misled by Coincidence, Confusing Cause with Temporal Order, Necessary Condition, Sufficient Condition.

Inference to the Best Explanation, Internal and External Consistency, Testability, Fruitfulness, Scope, Simplicity, and Conservatism.

Explain what it is about each type of inductive argument that makes it additive and probable.

Exercises

Identify the Population, Sample, and Relevant Property in Inductive Generalizations; and evaluate the strength of these arguments, justifying your claim by discussing sample size and representativeness (including correlation and explanation)

Evaluate the strength of Arguments from Analogy, justifying your claim by discussing relevant similarities and dissimilarities (in relation to correlation and explanation), the number and diversity of cases.

Evaluate Causal Arguments, justifying your claim by citing the 4 tests for causes.

Identify Necessary and Sufficient Conditions.

Apply Internal and External Consistency, Testability, Fruitfulness, Scope, Simplicity, and Conservatism to explanations.