Philosophy 8: Introduction to Moral Philosophy

Dartmouth College

Winter 2003

Study Guide for Test 2

There will be an in-class exam on Friday, February 21 in 13 Carpenter. Two of the following questions (one on Aristotle and one on Nietzsche) will be chosen by the instructors. You will have one hour to write your responses to these questions. Consultation of books or notes during the exam will not be allowed.

1. In contrast to Kant, Aristotle argues that a morally proper action requires virtuous character in addition to the proper intention. Explain the difference between their views. According to Aristotle, what is virtuous character and how is it developed? Do you agree that it is essential for morally proper action? Why or why not?

2. Explain Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean, illustrating it with a particular virtue of character. Why does Aristotle believe that it is so difficult to discover the mean? Then critically evaluate the doctrine of the mean: Do you think it is the most appropriate principle of morality? Why or why not?

3. Explain Nietzsche's account of the transition from master (or noble) morality to slave (or herd) morality. Why does Nietzsche prefer the former over the latter? Do you find his critique of slave morality convincing? If so, why? If not, why not? Explain and justify your answer.

4. Explain Nietzsche's account of punishment. If this account is right, what are the implications for moral philosophy? Is Nietzsche's account convincing? Why or why not? Explain and justify your answer.

Please note that next week we will be meeting Monday, Tuesday (x-hour), and Wednesday, in addition to the exam on Friday.